بررسی تغییرات سطح زیر کشت و سودآوری محصول پنبه در اثر اعمال سیاست های حمایتی دولت: مطالعه موردی شهرستان گرگان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، ایران

2 استادیار گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

3 دانشیار گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، ایران

4 استادیار مؤسسه تحقیقات پنبه کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان، ایران

چکیده

پنبه به‏عنوان یک محصول راهبردی نقش مهمی در ایجاد اشتغال، ارزآوری و افزایش درآمد در بخش کشاورزی و صنایع وابسته دارد که همواره مورد توجه دولت بوده است. طی دو دهه اخیر، به‏دلیل بالا بودن هزینه­های تولید و افزایش واردات پنبه، سطح زیر کشت این محصول در شهرستان گرگان به‏عنوان یکی از مناطق تولیدکننده عمده پنبه کاهش چشمگیری داشته است. بر این اساس، در مطالعه حاضر، به بررسی تأثیر سیاست­های حمایتی دولت بر سطح زیر کشت پنبه شهرستان گرگان با استفاده از الگو برنامه­ریزی ریاضی اثباتی پرداخته شد. اطلاعات لازم از طریق تکمیل تعداد 295 پرسشنامه با استفاده از روش نمونه­گیری تصادفی طبقه­ای از بهره­برداران زیربخش زراعت شهرستان گرگان در سال زراعی 94-1393 جمع­آوری شد. محصول پنبه در قالب نظام­های کشت مختلف (مانند تک­کشتی، کشت متوالی و کشت مخلوط) در الگو لحاظ شد و سیاست­های حمایتی دولت نیز در سه بخش قیمت­گذاری محصول پنبه، اعطای یارانه به نهاده­های تولید محصول پنبه و پرداخت مستقیم به تولیدکنندگان پنبه مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که در بین سیاست­های مختلف حمایتی دولت، اعمال یارانه به نهاده­های تولید سودآوری مثبت داشته است، به‏گونه‏ای که سیاست برداشت مکانیزه پنبه با 78/1 درصد تغییرات نسبت به شرایط موجود بیشترین سودآوری را داشته است. طبق یافته­های مطالعة حاضر، پیشنهاد می­شود که با اتخاذ سیاست­های اعمال یارانه به نهاده­های تولید، امکان افزایش سطح زیر کشت پنبه در شهرستان گرگان فراهم شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessing the Changes in Cultivation Area and Profitability of Cotton Influenced by Government Supportive Policies: A Case Study of Gorgan County of Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • F. Rostami Maskopaee 1
  • A. Keramatzadeh 2
  • R. Joolaei 3
  • H. Kashiri 4
1 MSc. Graduate in Agricultural Economics, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
4 Assistant Professor, Cotton Researches Institute of Iran, Gorgan, Iran
چکیده [English]

The cotton as a strategic crop has the important role in creating job, foreign currency and increasing income in agricultural sector and related industries which has been considered by government. In the last couple of decades, the cotton cultivation area in Gorgan County which is one of the major cotton-producing regions has decreased considerably duo to high costs of production and continuation of import. Therefor the object of this study is mainly concentrate on assessing the influence of cultivation and profitability of cotton in Gorgan County influenced by government supportive policies using PMP. The data has been collected by filling out 295 questionnaires using the stratified random sampling method from farmers of Gorgan County in 2014-2015. Three cropping systems of cotton are considered in this study, including: mono-cropping, double cropping and intercropping systems and the governments supportive policies are measured in three parts such as cotton pricing policy, cotton production input subsidy policy and direct payment to cotton production policy. The result shows that the cotton production inputs subsidy has positive profitability among different government supportive policies, so that the most profitable one is related to the cotton mechanic harvesting policy with 1.78 percent of the change. According to results, it is recommended to increase cotton cultivation in Gorgan by applying production inputs subsidy.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Supportive Policies
  • Stratified Random Sampling
  • Positive Mathematical Programming (PMP)
  • Intercropping
  • Gorgan (County)

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