بهینه ‏سازی سیاست‌های زیست ‏محیطی بخش زراعت کشاورزی ایران مبتنی بر رهیافت بهینه ‏سازی چندهدفه دوسطحی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران

2 دانشیارگروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران

3 استاد گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران

چکیده

در طول سه دهه اخیر، با توجه به رشد جمعیت، رشد اقتصادی و مصرف انرژی، خطرات و آسیب‌های ­زیست‌محیطی بیشتر نمایان شده است. ایران کشوری رو به رشد است و یکی از مصادیق الگوی رشد با فشار بر منابع طبیعی محسوب می­ شود؛ از این‏رو، بررسی اثرات زیست ‏محیطی مصرف منابع طبیعی و توسعه در ایران بسیار حائز اهمیت است. هدف پژوهش حاضر بهینه ­یابی سیاست­های کشاورزی با محوریت حفظ محیط زیست و بهبود بهره ­وری اقتصادی از طریق ساخت یک مدل بهینه ‏سازی چندهدفه دوسطحی و ارزیابی مجموعه جواب‏های بهینة به‏ دست آمده از دو نوع ابزار سیاستی «افزایش قیمت نهاده آب» و «برقراری مالیات بر کود مصرفی» بود. پژوهش به‏ صورت مطالعه موردی در بخش زراعت کشاورزی دشت خمین و طی سال زراعی 95-1394 صورت گرفت. مجموعه جواب‏های بهینه پارتو به دست آمده از ارزیابی سیاست افزایش قیمت نهاده آب و برقراری مالیات بر کود شیمیایی نشان ‏داد که در الگوهای کشت شامل محصولات لوبیا و پیاز، بهره‏ وری بالاتر و مصرف کود کمتر از سایر الگوهای کشت بهینه است؛ همچنین، تغییر الگوی کشت به محصولات پیشنهادی افزایش بهره‏ وری مصرف آب به میزان 162 درصد و کاهش 29 درصدی میانگین کود مصرفی و نیز کاهش 33 درصدی فرسایش خاک را موجب می­ شود. با توجه به نتایج به‌دست‌آمده، شایسته است با انتخاب ابزار سیاستی افزایش قیمت نهاده آب، از محصولات لوبیا و پیاز در ترکیب الگوی کشت کشاورزان بهره گرفته شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Optimizing the Environmental Policies of Iran's Agricultural Cropping Based on Multi-Objective Bi-Level Optimisation Model Approach

نویسندگان [English]

  • M. Jafari 1
  • J. Shahraki 2
  • A. Akbari 3
1 Ph. D. Student in Agricultural Economics, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
3 Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Over the past three decades, due to population growth, economic growth and energy consumption, environmental hazards have increased. Iran is a growing country and one of the examples of growth patterns with pressure on natural resources. Therefore, it is very important to study the environmental impacts of natural resources consumption and development in Iran. This study aimed at optimizing the agricultural policies with the orientation of environment conservation and improved economic productivity through building a two-level multi-objective optimization model as well as evaluating the optimal set of solutions obtained from two policy tools of 'increase in price of inputs' and 'introduction of taxes on fertilizer consumption'. This research was conducted as a case study in agricultural sector of Khomein Plain in Iran and during the 2015-2016 cropping year. The 'Pareto-optimal' set of answers obtained from the evaluation of the concerned policies showed that cultivars including beans and onions resulted in higher yields and lower fertilizer consumption than the other optimal cultivar patterns. Also, changing the cropping pattern to the proposed products would lead to an increase in water use productivity by 162 percent and a 29 percent reduction in the average consumed fertilizer while reducing the soil erosion by 33 percent. Given the study results, the bean and onion products are recommended to be used in the composition of farmers' cultivation pattern.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • : Multi-Objective Bi-Level Optimization
  • Environmental Policy
  • Crop Production
  • Khomein (Plain)

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