Introduction: Social Life Cycle Assessment (SLCA) is an emerging methodology designed to evaluate the social impacts of products and services throughout their life cycles. Particularly pertinent to sectors like agriculture and food production, SLCA provides a framework for assessing how products influence various social aspects, including labor conditions, community well-being, and human rights. In the context of sustainable development, SLCA serves as a vital tool for producers and consumers alike, enabling more informed decision-making that considers not only environmental but also social dimensions. By integrating social considerations into the life cycle assessment, stakeholders can identify areas for improvement, promote ethical practices, and contribute to the overall enhancement of societal welfare. The publication of the UNEP/SETAC guidelines for SLCA in 2009 marked a significant milestone in standardizing the assessment process. These guidelines provided a structured approach to evaluating social impacts, facilitating consistency and comparability across studies.  As a result, researchers and practitioners gained a clearer understanding of how products and services affect social systems, leading to more effective strategies for mitigating negative impacts and enhancing positive outcomes. Beyond its role in improving social conditions, SLCA also fosters greater awareness among individuals and organizations regarding the social implications of their choices.  This heightened consciousness encourages the adoption of socially responsible practices, thereby advancing social sustainability objectives.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in Langrud County, located in Guilan province of Iran, during 2024.  The primary objective of the study was to assess the social impacts of rice production using the SLCA methodology. A total of 417 participants were selected through random sampling from five distinct stakeholder groups including 51 rice mill managers, 81 rice mill workers, 95 rice farmers, 95 rice field workers, and 96 local community members. These groups were chosen to capture a comprehensive range of perspectives on the social impacts associated with rice production. The assessment focused on four key social indicators including (1) human rights, (2) working conditions, (3) cultural heritage and community development, (4) socio-economic consequences. These indicators were selected to provide a holistic view of the social dimensions of rice production, encompassing aspects such as labor rights, community cohesion, and economic well-being.

Results and Discussion: The study findings revealed that overall, the social conditions governing the rice production cycle in Langrud County were favorable.  However, disparities existed among different stakeholder groups concerning specific social indicators. Notably, rice field workers reported poor working conditions, highlighting issues such as inadequate safety measures, long working hours, and insufficient access to protective equipment. These conditions not only jeopardize the health and well-being of workers, but also contravene basic labor rights standards. In the realm of cultural heritage and community development, the local community expressed concerns about the migration of indigenous people.  The outflow of local populations threatens the preservation of traditional knowledge, cultural practices, and community identity. This trend underscores the need for policies that promote community retention and cultural sustainability. Addressing these issues requires a multifaceted approach, including the implementation of labor rights protections, community engagement initiatives, and policies that support sustainable development practices.  By fostering an environment that values and upholds social well-being, the rice production sector can contribute to broader social sustainability goals.
 
Conclusion and Suggestions: The study underscores the importance of integrating social considerations into the life cycle assessment of agricultural products. While Langrud County’s rice production cycle exhibits overall favorable social conditions, significant challenges persist, particularly concerning working conditions and community development. To address these challenges, the following recommendations are proposed: enhancing labor rights awareness: implementation of training programs for workers to educate them about their rights and available protections; improving working conditions: introduction of safety protocols, provision of protective equipment, and regulation of working hours to safeguard worker health and well-being; promoting community retention: development of policies that incentivize local populations to remain in their communities, thereby preservation of cultural heritage and fostering community development; and encouraging the stakeholder collaboration: facilitation of dialogue among the stakeholders, including producers, workers, and community members, to collaboratively address social issues and develop sustainable solutions. By implementing these recommendations, the rice production sector in Langrud County can enhance its social sustainability, contributing to the overall well-being of its stakeholders and the preservation of its cultural heritage