اقتصاد کشاورزی و توسعه

اقتصاد کشاورزی و توسعه

سنجد و افزایش بهره‌وری منابع آب راهبردی برای پایداری کشاورزی در مناطق خشک

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران
2 دانشیار گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران
چکیده
تغییر اقلیم به‌عنوان یکی از چالش‌های اساسی قرن حاضر، تأثیرات قابل‌توجهی شامل کاهش بارندگی، افزایش دما و وقوع پدیده‌های اقلیمی شدید بر بخش کشاورزی، به‌ویژه در مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک، گذاشته است. سنجد به عنوان یک گونه گیاهی ارزشمند، مقاومت قابل توجهی نسبت به تنش‌های آبی از جمله خشکسالی نشان می‌دهد. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی سازگاری سنجد در شرایط تنش آبی و ارزیابی اقتصادی پتانسیل آن به عنوان یک گیاه مقاوم به خشکسالی در منطقۀ خشک و نیمه‌خشک به نام دشت همدان - بهار انجام شده است. در وهلۀ اول به پیش‌نگری تغییرات آینده اقلیمی و سپس اثرات اقتصادی این تغییرات بر الگوی کشت و عملکرد محصولات زراعی و گیاه سنجد شبیه‌سازی شده است. نتایج حاصل از پیش‌نگری اقلیمی حاکی از آن است که دشت مورد مطالعه در آینده با کاهش بارندگی و افزایش دما مواجه خواهد شد. این تغییرات اقلیمی تأثیرات متناقضی بر عملکرد محصولات زراعی خواهد داشت؛ به طوری که عملکرد سنجد در همه سناریوهای اقلیمی مورد بررسی، به میزان 4 تا 7 درصد افزایش خواهد یافت. در مقابل، سایر محصولات زراعی منطقه تحت تأثیر منفی این تغییرات قرار خواهند گرفت. بر اساس تحلیل‌های اقتصادی دشت مورد مطالعه، افزایش عملکرد سنجد موجب گسترش 21 هکتاری سطح زیر کشت این محصول و در نتیجه، افزایش 2/3 میلیارد تومانی سوددهی بخش کشاورزی خواهد شد. توسعه کشت سنجد در شرایط کم‌آبی و گرمایش جهانی می‌تواند به‌عنوان یک راهکار سازگار با اقلیم، به بهبود بهره‌وری آب، افزایش درآمد کشاورزان و پایداری سیستم‌های کشاورزی در منطقه کمک شایانی کند.
کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

A Strategic Approach to Water Resource Efficiency and Sustainable Agriculture in Arid Regions: The Role of Oleaster

نویسندگان English

Vahid Kalantar 1
Seyed Habibollah Mosavi 2
Hamed Najafi Alamdarlo 2
1 M.Sc. Student, in Agricultural Economics. Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

Climate change, as a fundamental challenge of the present century, has exerted significant impacts on the agricultural sector, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions, through reduced rainfall, elevated temperatures, and intensified climatic phenomena. Elaeagnus angustifolia, recognized as a valuable plant species, demonstrates substantial resistance to water stress, including drought. This study aimed to investigate the adaptability of Elaeagnus angustifolia under water stress conditions and to assess its economic potential as a drought-resistant crop in the arid and semi-arid Hamadan-Bahar Plain. Initially, future climate changes were forecasted, followed by simulating the economic impacts of these changes on cropping patterns and the yield of crops and Elaeagnus angustifolia. The results of climate forecasting indicate that the study area will face decreased rainfall and increased temperatures in the future. These climate changes will have mixed effects on crop yields; specifically, Elaeagnus angustifolia yield is projected to increase by 4 to 7 percent across all climate scenarios, while other regional crops will be negatively affected. Economic analyses of the study area revealed that the increased yield of Elaeagnus angustifolia will lead to a 21-hectare expansion of its cultivation area and consequently, a 2.3 billion Tomans increase in the profitability of the agricultural sector. The development of Elaeagnus angustifolia cultivation under water scarcity and global warming conditions can serve as a climate-compatible strategy, significantly contributing to improved water productivity, increased farmers' income, and the sustainability of agricultural systems in the region.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Climate Change
Hamadan-Bahar Plain
Oleaster
Sustainable Agriculture
Water Scarcity
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