Evaluation of the effects of economic, social, demographic, and climatic factors on biological capacity in Iran

In this research, the transient effect of economic, social, demographic, and climatic factors on biological capacity in Iran was evaluated. For this purpose, the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach and annual time series data of 1990-2020 were used. The results showed that in the short run, with the increase in GDP per capita, the amount of biological capacity per capita increases in Iran. However, in the long run, the increase in GDP does not have a significant effect on biocapacity. Also, with the increase in population density, the amount of living capacity per capita in the country increases in the short run and decreases in the long run. Despite this article, based on the obtained results, it was found that, unlike the short-run periods, in the long-run, with the increase of the human development index, the amount of living capacity in Iran increases. In addition, reducing the degree of dryness of the air and improving the climatic conditions in the short and long run leads to the improvement of the biological capacity in the country. Finally, it was suggested to continue the various measures taken to increase the biological capacity in the country, including increasing the share of renewable energy, increasing the number of urban water treatment plants, reforestation, and growing organic agriculture in the long term. In addition, more use of educational capacities in the country in order to develop general knowledge in the field of better management of biological conditions was mentioned as another suggestion of this study.