بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر انگیزش کشاورزان در به‏ کارگیری فناوری‌های حفاظت آب و خاک

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته دکتری اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز

2 استاد اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز

چکیده

حفظ منابع آب و خاک از مهم‏ترین مسائل در کشاورزی و تولید مواد غذایی است. از ای ن‏رو، شناسایی محدودیت­ها و موانع گسترش بi ­کارگیری فناوری ­های حفاظت آب و خاک و مقابله با آنها به ‏منظور دستیابی به اهداف توسعه ­ای و افزایش نرخ پذیرش این‏گونه فناوری ­ها ضروری می ­نماید. هدف مطالعة حاضر بررسی اقدامات حفاظت آب و خاک در سطح مزرعه و تعیین عوامل مؤثر بر پذیرش این فناوری ­ها بود. عوامل مؤثر بر پذیرش ­فناوری­ های حفاظت آب و خاک با استفاده از روش نظریة رفتار برنامه ­ریزی ‏شده (TPB) بررسی شد. همچنین، برای بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر نیت کشاورزان در به‏ کارگیری فناوری ­های حفاظت آب و خاک، از شیوة تجزیه و تحلیل مسیر استفاده شد. این مدل، با تأیید تأثیر نگرش، هنجار ذهنی و کنترل رفتاری درک‏شده بر قصد کشاورز نسبت به حفاظت آب و خاک، نشان داد که در پذیرش، علاوه بر متغیرهای آشکار، متغیرهای پنهان نیز سهم قابل توجه و عمده دارند. بر اساس نتایج به ‏دس ت‏آمده، متغیرهای نگرش کشاورز، کنترل رفتاری درک‏شده و هنجارهای ذهنی، به ‏ترتیب، بیشترین اثر کلی مثبت و معنی­دار را بر نیت کشاورز در به‏ کارگیری فناوری ­های حفاظت آب و خاک دارند؛ همچنین، متغیر تحصیلات دارای بیشترین اثر مستقیم، مثبت و معنی­دار بر هنجارهای ذهنی، نگرش و کنترل رفتاری درک ‏شده است و از بین متغیرهای تحقیق، اشتغال خارج از مزرعه و تحصیلات اثر غیرمستقیم مثبت و معنی‏دار بر کنترل رفتاری درک‏شده دارند؛ افزون بر این، تأثیر عملکرد محصول، اشتغال خارج از مزرعه، شرکت در فعالیت‏ های ترویجی و سطح تحصیلات بر نیت کشاورزان در به ‏کارگیری فناوری‏ های حفاظت آب و خاک غیرمستقیم، مثبت و معنی‏دار است. از آنجا که پذیرش فناوری ‏های حفاظتی نیاز به دانش و مهارت بالا دارد، پیشنهاد می ­شود که نخست، با نشر اهمیت حفاظت آب و خاک‏ در میان گروه­ های مرجع و سپس، از طریق همین گروه ­ها، انگیزة دیگر اقشار جامعة روستایی در این راستا تقویت شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of Factors Affecting Farmers' Motivation in Using Water and Soil Conservation Technologies

نویسندگان [English]

  • H. Dehghanpur 1
  • M. Zibaei 2
1 PhD Graduate in Agricultural Economics, Shiraz University,Shiraz, Iran
2 Professor of Agricultural Economics, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Water and soil conversation is one of the most important issues in agriculture and food production. It is necessary to identify the limitations and barriers to the development of water and soil conservation technologies and to address them and achieve development goals through enhancing the adoption rate of these technologies by farmers. This study aimed at investigating the measures of soil and water conservation at the farm level as well as determining the factors influencing the adoption of these technologies. For this purpose, the factors affecting farmers' intentions in applying the water and soil conservation technologies and activities were analyzed through the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and the path analysis technique. The model of path analysis technique confirmed the effects of attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control on the farmer's intention, and also showed that in addition to the obvious variables, some invisible variables had also such significant effects on the farmers’ adoption, which caused overlaps. According to the results, the variable of farmer's attitude had the most significantly positive effect on farmers' intentions in the water and soil conservation activities. Then, perceived behavioral control and subjective norms had significantly positive effects on the intention of the farmer to apply the water and soil conservation technologies.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Water Conservation
  • Soil Conservation
  • Planned Behavior Theory
  • Path Analysis Method

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