اولویت‌بندی سرمایه‌گذاری در بخش کشاورزی استان فارس بر اساس بازده سرمایه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 عضو هیئت علمی دفتر امور اقتصادی سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

2 استادیار اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران

چکیده

نهادهای مالی و اعتباری از جمله بانک کشاورزی با محدودیت منابع سرمایه ­ای مواجه ‏اند و از این‏رو، برای حفظ توان مالی خود در راستای حمایت پایدار از تولیدات کشاورزی و تخصیص بهینه منابع مالی، باید بر اساس بازده سرمایه، فعالیت ­ها را اولویت­ بندی کنند. در همین راستا، مطالعه حاضر با هدف تحلیل بازده سرمایه در تولید محصولات کشاورزی مختلف استان فارس انجام گرفت. بدین منظور، تابع تولید برای محصولات منتخب زیربخش­های زراعت، باغبانی و دام به­ طور مجزا و مشتمل بر سرمایه فیزیکی و انسانی با استفاده از داده ­های پنل دوره 93-1384 برآورد شد. یافته های مطالعه نشان داد که در مورد تمامی محصولات منتخب، سرمایه فیزیکی دارای بالاترین نقش در تولید است؛ اما از نظر بازده سرمایه، میان محصولات تفاوت وجود دارد. به ‏طور نسبی، بازده سرمایه فیزیکی در تولید محصولات باغی و دامی بالاتر از محصولات زراعی ارزیابی شد. این بازدهی برای محصولات زراعی اغلب در دامنه 8/0-45/0 در نوسان بوده، در حالی که برای محصولات دامی این دامنه 9/0-5/0 و برای اغلب محصولات باغی بالاتر از 7/0 است. افزون بر تفکیک سرمایه فیزیکی و انسانی، استفاده از شاخص اقلیمی دی ‏مارتن به‏ عنوان متغیر کنترل، نوآوری مطالعه حاضر در برآورد معادلات است. بر این اساس، نوعی از تقسیم ­بندی جغرافیایی نیز قابل استنباط است، بدین معنی که به اعتبار ضریب شاخص اقلیمی، مناطق دارای بارندگی بیشتر و به­ طور تلویحی، مناطق شمالی و غربی استان از موقعیت بهتری در تولید برخوردارند، که می­توان در توزیع منابع اعتباری تولید بدان توجه داشت. پیشنهاد می ­شود که بر اساس بازده سرمایه، از میان محصولات دامی به گوشت قرمز و از میان محصولات باغی به مرکبات، گردو، هلو، سیب، پسته و زردآلو اولویت بالاتری داده شود، در حالی که در مورد محصولات زراعی، به‏طور مشخص، اولویت با سرمایه گذاری روی ماشین ­آلات است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Prioritizing the Investments in Agriculture Sector of Fars Province in Iran Based on Capital Returns

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sh. Shajari 1
  • Z. Farajzadeh 2
1 Faculty Member of Economic Affairs Office, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
2 . Assistant Professor of Agricultural Economics, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Financial and credit institutions including agricultural banks encounter limited resources. So, to keep their financial ability to support agricultural production sustainably as well as to allocate the financial resources optimally, they should prioritize the activities based on their capital returns. In this regard, this study aimed at analyzing the capital returns of the selected agricultural products in Fars province of Iran. For this purpose, an individual production function comprising both physical and human capitals was estimated for all selected products including agronomical, horticultural and livestock products using panel data of 2005-2014. The findings showed that for all activities, the physical capital had the most contribution to production; however, this contribution varied among the products significantly. Comparatively, the capital returns for horticulture and livestock activities tended to be higher. The returns ranged from 0.45 to 0.8 for agronomical products while the corresponding ranges were 0.5-0.9 and higher than 0.7 for livestock and horticultural products, respectively. In addition to the physical and human capitals, as an innovative and control variable, De Martonne climatic index was used in estimated equations. This allowed an assessment of the geographical implications, indicating that regions with higher precipitation, possibly northern and western regions, had better condition to grow output, deserving to be taken into consideration in allocating the credit resources. Based on the capital returns, among the livestock products, red meat might be prioritized while among the horticultural products, citrus, walnuts, peach, apple, pistachios and apricot would be preferred over others. As for agronomical activities, investment priority belongs to machineries.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Capital Returns
  • agricultural sector
  • Prioritization
  • Fars (Province)

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