بررسی کارآیی بازار آب و مقایسه آن با شیوه های مختلف تخصیص در شرایط کم ‏آبی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

2 نویسنده مسئول و دانشیار گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

3 استاد گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران

4 استادیار گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی، ایران

5 دانشیار گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

چکیده

مطالعه حاضر با هدف شبیه ­سازی و بررسی کارآیی بازار آب و مقایسه آن با سه شیوه تخصیص بهینه، تخصیص بر اساس سهمیه­  بندی ثابت و تخصیص بر اساس سهمیه­ بندی تناسبی آب صورت گرفت. منطقه مورد مطالعه زیرحوضه جیرفت واقع در حوضه آبریز هلیل‏ رود و داده­ های مورد نیاز مربوط به سال 1394 بود. روش مورد استفاده محاسبه تابع منفعت حاصل از آبیاری و حداقل ‏سازی زیان درآمدی در کل منطقه بود. بدین منظور، ابتدا محدودیت بیست و سی درصدی در برداشت از منابع آب زیرزمینی اعمال شد و سپس، بررسی شیوه ­های تخصیص بهینه، تخصیص بر اساس سهمیه ­بندی ثابت و تخصیص بر اساس سهمیه ­بندی تناسبی آب از لحاظ منافع حاصل از آبیاری و بهره ­وری آب در محصولات مختلف انجام پذیرفت. پس از آن، از طریق ایجاد یک بازار آب فرضی، کارآیی بازار آب پس از اجرای این روش­­ های تخصیص مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. به‏ منظور بررسی اثر هزینه ­های مبادله بر تجارت آب، هزینه مبادله معادل صفر، پنج، ده، بیست و سی درصد قیمت آب در نظر گرفته شد. بر اساس نتایج پژوهش، چنانچه شرایط رقابت کامل بر بازار حاکم و هزینه ­های مبادله صفر باشد، تخصیص بهینه و تشکیل بازار آب منجر به تخصیص نهایی مشابه حقوق آب و منافع آبیاری برای کل جامعه می­شوند و از قوانین سهمیه­ بندی ثابت و متناسب کارآمدترند؛ همچنین، با کاهش دسترسی به منابع آب، منافع حاصل از تجارت آب افزایش و با افزایش هزینه­ های مبادله، حجم آب مبادله ‏شده و منافع حاصل از تجارت آب کاهش می­ یابد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of water market performance and its comparison with different allocation rules of water in drought conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • kh. Samareh Hashemi 1
  • A. Keikha 2
  • H. Mehrabi Boshraabadi 3
  • Mostafa Mardani Najafabadi 4
  • S. Ziaee 5
1 PhD Student in Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
3 Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
4 Assistant Professor, Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran
5 Associate Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
چکیده [English]

The purpose of this study is to simulate and evaluate the water market's efficiency and compare it with the law of optimal allocation of water and allocations based on fixed and proportional quotas. The study area is located in the Jiroft sub basin in the Hali Rood watershed and data are for 2015 which were obtained from the Agricultural Jihad Organization of southern Kerman province. The method used is calculate the benefit from irrigation and minimize income losses in the entire region. For this purpose, the first 20% and 30% restrictions was imposed on use of groundwater resources, and then the effects of optimal allocation law, allocations based on proportional and fixed quotas on the benefits of irrigation were investigated. Subsequently, through the water market simulation, the market performance was analyzed after the implementation of these rules. To investigate the effect of transaction costs on water trade, transaction costs were considered, zero, 5, 10, 20 and 30 percent of water price. Based on the results, if the conditions of perfect competition are on the market and transaction costs are zero, the optimal allocation and formation of the water market will result in the same final allocation of water rights and irrigation benefits for the whole region. Also, by reducing the availability of water resources, the benefits of water trade will increase and with increasing transaction costs, reduces the volume of water exchanged and the gains from trade.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Water market
  • optimal allocation of water resources
  • Loss of income function
  • Jiroft

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