تعیین الگوی بهینه کشت محصولات عمده زراعی دشت مرند با تاکید بر بهره‌برداری پایدار از منابع آب

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 نویسندة مسئول و استاد اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکدة کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز تبریز، ایران

2 کارشناس ارشد اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکدة کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

3 دانشیار اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکدة کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

4 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکدة کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

چکیده

برداشت بی ‏رویه و نامطلوب منابع آب در بسیاری از مناطق کشاورزی ایران به ­ویژه دشت مرند به‌عنوان یکی از قطب­های کشاورزی استان آذربایجان شرقی، ­لزوم تخصیص بهینه منابع محدود آب و نیز ضرورت لحاظ راهبردهای مختلف آبیاری برای هر محصول را نمایان کرده است. بر این اساس، هدف مطالعه حاضر تعیین الگوی بهینه کشت محصولات زراعی با تأکید بر محدودیت منابع آب در دشت مرند بود. بدین منظور، از رهیافت برنامه ­ریزی­ ریاضی یعنی، الگوی برنامه ­ریزی کسری با اهداف چندگانه با بهره ‏گیری از رویکرد فازی استفاده شد. گردآوری داده­ های مورد نیاز نیز از طریق تکمیل پرسشنامه از 321 کشاورز منطقه صورت گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که الگوی بهینه کشت پایدار پیشنهادی حاصل از مدل یادشده، در مقایسه با مدل برنامه­ ریزی خطی، باعث کاهش درآمد ناخالص بهره ­برداران در کوتاه‏ مدت می­شود. همچنین، بر اساس یافته­ های حاصل از الگوی برنامه ­ریزی کسری، مصرف آب به ­گونه­ای صورت خواهد گرفت که عمدتاً در ماه­های مختلف، کمبودی از این حیث در منطقه وجود نداشته باشد؛ افزون بر این، مصرف کودهای شیمیایی و سموم در حداقل خود بوده و محصولات زراعی که نسبت به آب مصرفی سود ناخالص کمتری را حاصل می­کنند، از الگوی کشت فعلی حذف و محصولات با صرفه اقتصادی بالا و نیاز آبی کم مانند زعفران که سازگار با اقلیم منطقه باشد، در الگوی کشت جایگزین می­شوند. بر این اساس، ترویج روش­های نوین آبیاری، توسعه کشت محصولات کم‏ آب ­بر و استفاده از آب صرفه­ جویی‏ شده در محصولات با بازده بالاتر در راستای بهره ­برداری پایدار از منابع آب توصیه می­شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Determination of Optimum Cropping Pattern of Major Crops in Marand Plain with Emphasis on Sustainable Use of Water Resources

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ghader Dashti 1
  • Morteza Mousavi Asbagh 2
  • Javad Hossein Zad 3
  • Elahe Ghasemi 4
1 Corresponding author and Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
2 MSc , Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
3 Associate Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
4 Msc student , Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Excessive and undesirable extraction of water resources in many agricultural areas of Iran, especially Marand Plain as one of the agricultural poles of East Azerbaijan province, has revealed the necessity of optimal allocation of limited water resources and the necessity of different irrigation strategies for each crop. Accordingly, this study aimed at determining the optimal cropping pattern of crops with emphasis on water resources limitation in Marand Plain. For this purpose, a fractional programming model with multiple objectives was used to evaluate the relative efficiency of agricultural sustainability. According to the study results, the optimal pattern of sustainable cultivation of the proposed model would reduce the gross income of farmers in the short run, compared with that of the linear programming model; also , based on the results of the model, the water consumption deficit programming model would be done so that there might be no shortage of water in different months while the consumption of harmful chemicals such as chemical fertilizers and pesticides would be at its minimum aa well as eliminating the crops which produce less gross profit than that of the water use pattern from the current cropping pattern and including the crops with low economic cost and low water requirement such as saffron which are compatible with the region's climate. Accordingly, the role of agricultural extension in training modern methods of irrigation, education of scientific agricultural production methods and the role of agriculture in the appropriate use of water saving technologies, the use of saved water in products with higher returns while increasing the area under cultivation such as saffron are more evident to achieve the sustainable agriculture.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cropping Pattern
  • Crop Products
  • Fractinal Programming
  • Marand Plain
  • Water Resources

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