پهنه‌بندی استان‌های ایران براساس حمایت از تولیدکنندگان گندم در برنامه‌های توسعه اقتصادی، اجتماعی و فرهنگی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموختۀ دکتری اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

2 نویسندة مسئول و استادیار گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

3 دانش‌آموختۀ کارشناسی ارشد اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

سیاست­‌های حمایتی اجرا شده از سوی دولت برای محصول راهبردی گندم در بخش کشاورزی ایران با آثار توزیعی متفاوت در استان­‌های کشور از اهمیت چشمگیری برخوردار است. در پژوهش حاضر، ضمن محاسبۀ انواع شاخص‌های حمایت از قیمت بازاری (MPS)، پرداخت‌های بودجه‌ای (BP) و برآورد حمایت از تولیدکننده (PSE) در دورة زمانی برنامه‌های سوم تا پنجم توسعه اقتصادی، اجتماعی و فرهنگی ایران، رابطة همبستگی آنها با عملکرد در واحد سطح تولید گندم دیم و آبی بررسی شد و سپس، به ‏منظور برنامه‌ریزی و سیاست‌گذاری، استان‌ها با الگوریتم کی‏‌میانگین در خوشه‌های همگن دسته‌بندی شدند. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که با وجود اجرای سیاست‌های یکسان در سراسر کشور، مقادیر حمایت از قیمت بازاری، حمایت بودجه‌ای و حمایت کل از تولیدکنندگان، به ‏دلیل تفاوت‌های اقلیمی، رفتار تولیدکنندگان در مدیریت مزرعه، فناوری، بهره‌وری، مزیت‌های نسبی هزینه‌ای و تولیدی و فاصله از گمرک، متفاوت است، به‏ گونه‌‏ای که گندم‌کاران استان‌های با بهره‌وری کمتر مقدار بیشتری حمایت در هر کیلوگرم محصول گندم دریافت می‌کنند؛ همچنین، سیاست‌های قیمتی در اغلب سال‌ها موجب حمایت از تولیدکنندگان نشده و اما بر اساس نتایج برآورد شاخص PSE، در برنامه‌های سوم تا پنجم توسعه، حمایت از کشاورزان همه خوشه‌ها، به‏ ترتیب، با میانگین 882، 1549 و 1200 ریال در هر کیلوگرم تحقق یافته و برخلاف شاخص BP، شاخص‌های MPS و PSE در بیشتر استان‌ها رابطه مثبت و معنی‌دار با عملکرد گندم آبی داشته است. در نهایت، پیشنهاد شد که با مد نظر قرار دادن تفاوت‌های خوشه‌ها، برای خوشه‌های با بهره‌وری بالاتر، بسته‌های سیاستی قیمتی و بودجه‌ای متنوع با سطح پوشش حمایتی بالاتر و متناسب با الگوی بهینه مصرف نهاده‌های کشاورزان منتخب طرح‌ریزی شود. همچنین، شایسته است که با تغییر الگوی سیاست‌ها از حمایت قیمتی به حمایت‌های بودجه‌ای، از یک‏سو، حفظ قیمت محصولات نزدیک به قیمت جهانی و از سوی دیگر، جلوگیری از دخالت مستقیم دولت در بازار محصول گندم در دستور کار سیاست‏گذاران قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Zoning of Iranian Provinces Based on Support for Wheat Producers in Economic, Social and Cultural Development Programs

نویسندگان [English]

  • Elham Mehrparvar Hosseini 1
  • Hamed Rafiee 2
  • Narges Shahnabati 1
  • Mahdis Arefpour 3
1 PhD. Graduate in Agricultural Economics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
2 Corresponding Author and Assistant Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
3 MSc. Graduate in Agricultural Economics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction: The support policies implemented by the government for wheat crop, which is a strategic crop in Iran's agricultural sector and has different distributional effects in the provinces of the country, are of great importance.
Materials and Methods: In this study, while calculating the indicators of market price support (MPS), budget payments (BP) and producer support estimate (PSE) of wheat in the period of the Third to Fifth Economic, Social and Cultural Development Programs of Iran, their correlations with yield per unit area of dryland and irrigated wheat production were investigated and then, for planning and policy making, the provinces were classified into homogeneous clusters by K-means algorithm.
Results and Discussion: According to the results, despite the implementation of the same policies across the country, the amount of market and budget support and total support to producers varies due to differences in climate and producers' behavior in input consumption, production technology, productivity, comparative advantages and distance from customs, so that wheat farmers in lower productivity provinces received more support per kg. Also, pricing policies did not supported producers in most years, but the PSE index showed that farmers of all clusters were supported in the three development programs by 882, 1549 and 1200 IR rials/kg, respectively. Contrary to BP, MPS and PSE indicators in most provinces had positive and significant relationships with irrigated wheat yields.
Conclusions: Finally, considering the differences in clusters, it was suggested that for higher productivity clusters, various pricing and budget policy packages with higher support coverage levels should be designed in accordance with the optimal consumption pattern of top farmers' inputs; in addition, by changing the pattern of policies from price support to budget support, on the one hand, the price of products will be kept close to the global price and on the other hand, the direct intervention of the government in the product market will be avoided.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Guaranteed Purchase
  • K-means Clustering Algorithm
  • Market Price Support
  • Producer Support Estimation
  • Wheat
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