بهره وری فیزیکی و اقتصادی مصرف آب آبیاری و سودآوری تولید برخی محصولات زراعی در نظام های مختلف آبیاری در استان البرز

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 نویسندة مسئول و استادیار پژوهش، تحقیقات اقتصاد کشاورزی، مؤسسة تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیة نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

2 استادیار پژوهش، مؤسسة تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.

3 استادیار اقتصاد کشاورزی، مؤسسه پژوهش های برنامه ریزی، اقتصاد کشاورزی و توسعه روستایی

چکیده

با توجه به محدودیت منابع آبی در کشور، بهره­ برداری بهینه از منابع و افزایش بهره ­وری فیزیکی و اقتصادی آب در تولید محصولات برای نیل به رشد اقتصادی در بخش کشاورزی کاملاً ضروری است. در این راستا، اهداف پژوهش حاضر تعیین شاخص ­های بهره­ وری مصرف آب و سودآوری تولید گندم آبی و ذرت علوفه ­ای در نظام‏ های مختلف آبیاری در سال­های 1395 و 1396 در استان البرز بود. در پژوهش حاضر، به‏ منظور برآورد بهره­ وری مصرف آب، از شاخص ­های بهره­ وری فیزیکی و بهره ­وری اقتصادی و برای تعیین سودآوری، از شاخص­ های منافع خالص، درصد بازده فروش محصول و درصد بازگشت سرمایه استفاده شد. طبق نتایج، در مقایسه نظام‏ های آبیاری، میزان صرفه­ جویی مصرف آب در تولید گندم آبی در نظام آبیاری قطره ­ای نواری نسبت به نظام‏ های آبیاری سنترپیوت و کلاسیک، به ‏ترتیب، 3/6 و 8/22 درصد و در تولید ذرت علوفه­ ای، به‏ترتیب، 2/15 و 6/27 درصد مشخص شد. منافع خالص تولید محصولات در تناوب گندم- ذرت علوفه ­ای در نظام ‏های قطره ­ای نواری، سنترپیوت و آبیاری بارانی، به‏ترتیب، 7/204، 2/174 و 2/153 میلیون ریال در هکتار و بهره­ وری اقتصادی هر واحد آب مصرفی ناشی از سود در تولید محصولات در تناوب، در نظام ‏های آبیاری قطره ­ای نواری، سنترپیوت و کلاسیک، به‏ ترتیب، 5/16، 3/12 و 1/9 هزار ریال بر متر مکعب برآورد شد، به ‏گونه‏ ای که منافع خالص و بهره­ وری اقتصادی تولید محصولات در تناوب در نظام آبیاری قطره ­ای نواری نسبت به نظام‏ های آبیاری سنترپیوت و کلاسیک بیشتر است. بنابراین، نظام آبیاری قطره ­ای نواری به ‏عنوان نظام آبیاری برتر و اقتصادی در تولید محصولات در تناوب در منطقه کرج پیشنهاد شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Physical and Economic Productivity of Irrigation Water and Profitability of Some Crop Products in Different Irrigation Systems in Alborz Province of Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • hormoz asadi 1
  • Javad Baghani 2
  • Mohsen Rafati 3
1 Corresponding Author and Assistant Professor of Research, Agricultural Economics Research, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
2 Assistant Professor of Research, Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Agricultural Engineering Research Institute (AERI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
3 Assistant Professor of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural Planning, Economic and Rural Development Research Institute (APERDRI), Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Due to the limited water resources in Iran, the optimal use of resources and increasing the physical and economic productivity of water in the production of products to achieve economic growth in the agricultural sector is absolutely necessary. Thus, the objectives of this study were to determine water productivity and profitability of irrigated wheat and forage corn production in different irrigation systems in Alborz province during 2016-2017. The indicators of physical efficiency and economic efficiency were used to estimate the efficiency of water consumption as well as the indices of net profit, product sales yield and percentage of return on investment were used to determine profitability. According to the results, water savings in irrigated wheat production in the drip irrigation compared to the center pivot and fixed classical sprinkler irrigation systems were estimated 6.3 and 22.8 percent and in irrigated forage corn production were estimated 15.2 and 27.6 percent, respectively. Net benefits of crops production in wheat-forage corn rotation in the drip irrigation, center pivot and fixed classical sprinkler irrigation systems were estimated 204.7, 174.2 and 153.2 Iranian million rials/ha, respectively. Economic productivity of per unit of water consumed in crops production in rotation in the drip irrigation, center pivot and fixed classical sprinkler irrigation systems were estimated 16.5, 12.3 and 9.1 Iranian thousand rials/ha, respectively, so that the net benefits and economic productivity of per unit of water consumed in crops production in rotation in the drip irrigation system was more than center pivot and fixed classical sprinkler irrigation systems. Thus, the drip irrigation system was recommended as an economically better irrigation system in the crop production rotation in Karaj.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Irrigation System
  • Yield
  • Wheat
  • Forage Corn
  • Net Benefit
  • Water Productivity

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