شناسایی عوامل مؤثر بر توسعة پایدار در بخش کشاورزی با تأکید بر عوامل سلامت و شرایط بحرانی (همه ‏گیری کووید ۱۹)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری اقتصاد منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکدة کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران.

2 نویسندة مسئول و استاد گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکدة کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران.

3 استاد گروه مهندسی برق، دانشکدة فنی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران.

4 استاد گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکدة کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران.

چکیده

همه­‌گیری کرونا بر جنبه‌­های مختلف از جمله امنیت غذایی، زنجیره­‌های عرضه، و ایمنی مواد غذایی در بخش کشاورزی تأثیر گذاشته و معضلات اجتماعی، اقتصادی و بهداشتی ناشی از همه‌­گیری کووید 19 زندگی و رفاه جهانی را به‏طور مستقیم تهدید کرده است. هدف مطالعه حاضر شناسایی عوامل مؤثر بر توسعه پایدار در بخش کشاورزی با تأکید بر عوامل سلامت و شرایط بحرانی (همه‌‏گیری کووید ۱۹) بود. نخست، با استفاده از روش داده‌‏بنیاد و مطالعه ادبیات موضوعی تحقیق، عوامل مؤثر بر توسعه پایدار در بخش کشاورزی شناسایی شد و سپس، از طریق مصاحبة هفده‌‏سؤالی با بیست خبرة اقتصاد، ترویج و پایداری کشاورزی، شناسایی عوامل مؤثر مورد نظر در هدف پژوهش صورت گرفت. آنگاه با استفاده از روش دلفی فازی و نظر خبرگان، معیارها و زیرمعیارهای نهایی تحقیق به‌دست آمد. سرانجام، با روش دیمتل فازی، روابط درونی، تأثیر و تأثر زیرمعیارهای عوامل سلامت، شرایط بحرانی، زیست‌‏محیطی، اقتصادی و اجتماعی تعیین شدند. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که در بین زیرمعیارهای عوامل سلامت، اجتماعی، اقتصادی، زیست‌‏محیطی و شرایط بحرانی (همه‌‏گیری کووید ۱۹)، زیرمعیارهای وضعیت تأمین منابع مالی پایدار در بخش سلامت، میزان توسعه فردی کشاورزان، تسهیل صادرات محصولات کشاورزی در شرایط بحرانی، وضعیت مدیریت پسماندهای بیمارستانی کووید ۱۹ و بحران طبیعی، به‏‌ترتیب، از بیشترین تأثیرگذاری برخوردارند؛ و از سوی دیگر، زیرمعیارهای میزان اهمیت اولویت پیشگیری بر درمان، میزان توسعه فردی کشاورزان، تسهیل صادرات محصولات کشاورزی در شرایط بحرانی، متوسط هزینه اجتماعی انتشار آلاینده‌‏ها و بحران سلامت، به‌‏ترتیب، از بیشترین تعامل با سایر زیرمعیارها برخوردارند. بنابراین، برای دستیابی به توسعه پایدار در بخش کشاورزی، باید در هر بُعد، به زیرمعیارهایی با قدرت تأثیرگذاری و تعامل بیشتر توجه ویژه صورت گیرد و با توجه به روابط علت‌‏ومعلولی بین این زیرمعیارها، برای مدیریت و کنترل آنها، برنامه­‌ریزی­‌های لازم انجام شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Identification of Factors Affecting the Agricultural Sector's Sustainable Development with a Focus on Health Factors and Critical Conditions (Covid-19 Pandemic)

نویسندگان [English]

  • mohammadreza rezaeefar 1
  • Mohamadreza Zaremehrjerdy 2
  • Hossein Nezamabadi-pour 3
  • Hossein MehrabiBoshrabadi 4
1 Ph.D Student in Economics of Natural Resources and Environment, Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
2 Corresponding Author and Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
3 Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
4 Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Agriculture is the primary source of income for over one billion people worldwide. The pandemic control measures impeded the production and distribution of agricultural goods, which is a prolonged process including planting, maintenance, harvesting, and transportation. These activities were hindered by the travel restrictions imposed by countries around the world to prevent the spread of the Coronavirus. Agriculture is an industry influenced by inputs. In agricultural systems, the dependence on each production factor can vary dramatically, subjecting farmers to higher input costs. Various circumstances such as clogged ports or highways, delays in customs clearance, transportation interruptions, denied access to financing, increased interest rates, and capital costs can result in the need for more inputs. These additional expenses reduce the profitability of agricultural production and may result in substantial losses for farmers (Workie et al., 2020). Therefore, this study aimed at determining the factors affecting the agricultural sector's sustainable development with a focus on health aspects and critical situations (Covid-19 pandemic).
Material and Methods: Since the study aimed to offer and identify new concepts and modeling, it could be known as a  fundamental research in terms of the goal. In modeling, qualitative research was used. The qualitative section would employ grounded theory as its methodology. This study used a combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches to achieve its objectives. After defining the statistical population and determining that the target demographic for the study included experts, the snowball approach was used to estimate the desired sample size.
Results and Discussion: In this study, the significance of each criterion, the effectiveness of sub-criteria, the extent of sub-criteria interaction and sub-criteria relationship types of health, social, economic and environmental factors as well as crisis conditions (Covid-19 pandemic) were investigated.
Conclusion: In this study, grounded theory, the Fuzzy Delphi method, and the Fuzzy DEMATEL method were utilized to discover factors affecting the agricultural sector's sustainable development with a focus on health considerations and critical situations (Covid-19 pandemic). Firstly, 50 criteria were identified using grounded theory; secondly, based on the findings of the fuzzy Delphi approach, five primary criteria and 43 sub-criteria were picked. Using the Fuzzy DEMATEL approach, the internal relationships, influence, and efficacy of the model's primary criteria were determined. The research results indicated that the sub-criteria of providing sustainable financial resources in the health sector, the level of individual development of farmers, facilitating the export of agricultural products in critical conditions, and the status of medical waste management during the Covid-19 pandemic and natural disasters had the most significant impact among the sub-criteria of health, social, economic and environmental factors and crisis conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Sustainable Development
  • Agricultural Sector
  • Health Factors
  • Iran
  • Fuzzy

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