اقتصاد کشاورزی و توسعه

اقتصاد کشاورزی و توسعه

بررسی ظرفیت‌های تولیدی و صادراتی محصولات باغی ایران برای ایجاد درگاه منطقه‌ای

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
آرش دوراندیش 1
افسانه نیکوکار 2
میلاد امینی زاده 3
1 دانشیار اقتصاد کشاورزی، گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران
2 دانشیار اقتصاد کشاورزی، گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران.
3 دانش‌‏آموختة دکتری اقتصاد کشاورزی، گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.
10.30490/aead.2024.365528.1597
چکیده
توسعه مراکز غذایی منطقه‌ای به یک برنامه راهبردی برای ایمن کردن نظام غذایی از طریق بهبود تولیدکنندگان و مراکز محلی به‌‏منظور ایجاد ارتباط بین تولیدکنندگان و مشتریان محلی تبدیل شده است. در همین راستا، مطالعه حاضر به ‏دنبال پاسخ بدین پرسش بود که آیا بخش کشاورزی ایران ظرفیت‌های لازم را برای ایجاد درگاه‌های منطقه‌ای تجارت کالاهای کشاورزی دارد. به ‏منظور دستیابی بدین هدف، ظرفیت‌ها و توان‌های تولیدی و صادراتی گروه محصولات باغی که نزدیک به نیمی از صادرات کشاورزی ایران را به خود اختصاص داده است، مورد بررسی و تحلیل قرار گرفت و همچنین، ظرفیت‌های وارداتی شرکای تجاری ایران نیز بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد که در صادرات محصولات باغی، ایران دارای مزیت بوده و این مزیت در طول زمان افزایش یافته و به دیگر سخن، بر رقابت‌پذیری ایران در صادرات این گروه محصولات در سطح جهانی افزوده شده است. نتایج پژوهش حاضر نشان داد که شرکای تجاری اصلی ایران همانند امارات متحده عربی، عراق و ترکیه از بزرگ‌ترین واردکنندگان این گروه محصولات به ‏شمار می‏‌روند و واردات آنها دارای مزیت است؛ همچنین، بازار کشورهای عراق و ترکیه بسیار وابسته به صادرات ایران بوده و از این‌‏رو، صادرات ایران در بازار این کشورها افزایش یافته است. از آنجا که بیشتر کشورهای منطقه (به ‏جز ترکیه) واردکننده عمده محصولات باغی بوده، توانایی تولید رقابتی محصولات باغی را ندارند و همچنین، ایران، به ‏عنوان تنها کشور منطقه‌ که با واردکنندگان اصلی این گروه محصولات مرز مشترک زمینی و دریایی دارد، می‌تواند با تدوین برنامه جامع تجاری با رویکرد برد- برد و نیز بهبود و توسعه ساختارهای قانونی و تجاری و زیرساخت‌های ترانزیتی و گمرکی، از این فرصت برای ایجاد درگاه منطقه‌ای استفاده کند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
درگاه منطقه‌ای
صادرات کشاورزی
محصولات باغی
ایران

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Investigating the Production and Export Capacities of Iran's Horticultural Products to Create a Regional Hub

نویسندگان English

Arash Dourandish 1
Afsaneh Nikoukar 2
Milad Aminizadeh 3
1 Associate Professor of Agricultural Economics, Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
2 Associate Professor of Agricultural Economics, Department of Agricultural Economics,University of Payam e noor, Tehran, Iran.
3 PhD Graduate in Agricultural Economics, Department of Agricultural Economics, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
چکیده English

Introduction: The development of regional food hubs has become a strategic plan to secure the food system by improving local producers and hubs to connect local producers and consumers. In this regard, this study aimed at responding whether Iran's agricultural sector would have the necessary capacities to create regional hubs for the trade of agricultural commodities.
Materials and Methods: For this purpose, the production and export capacities of the horticultural products, which account for nearly half of Iran's agricultural exports, were analyzed. This study used five indices including Symmetric Revealed Comparative Advantage (SRCA), Lafay Index (LI), Concentration Ratio (CR), Efficiency Advantage Index (EAI), and relative import advantage to provide comprehensive results.
Results and Discussion: The study results showed that Iran had an advantage in exporting horticultural products and this advantage increased over time; in other words, Iran's competitiveness in exporting these products increased globally. According to the results, Iran's main trading partners, such as the United Arab Emirates, Iraq, and Türkiye, are among the largest importers of horticultural products, whose imports have advantages. Also, the markets of Iraq and Türkiye are highly dependent on Iran's exports, and Iran's competitiveness have increased in these markets.
Conclusion and Suggestions: Most of the regional countries (except Türkiye) are major importers of horticultural products and do not have the ability to produce competitively horticultural products, and Iran is the only country in the region that has common land and sea borders with the main importers of these products. Therefore, Iran should use this opportunity to create a regional hub by developing a business plan with a win-win policy approach as well as improving and developing legal and commercial structures and transit and customs infrastructures.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Regional Hub
Agricultural Export
Horticultural Products
Iran
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