کاهش رفاه اجتماعی ناشی از افت سطح آب‌های زیرزمینی (مطالعه موردی گندم‌کاران دشت ارزوئیه)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته دکتری اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان

2 دانشیار گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان

3 استاد اقتصاد کشاورزی دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان

4 استادیارگروه اقتصاد کشاورزی دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان

5 استادیار گروه مهندسی آب دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان

چکیده

برداشت بیش از حد از منابع آب زیرزمینی در چند دهه اخیر منجر به اثرات جانبی منفی فراوانی شده است که یکی از پیامدهای آن کاهش رفاه کشاورزان است. در مطالعه حاضر، برای بررسی اثر افت سطح آب زیرزمینی بر رفاه کشاورزان، ابتدا تابع تولید گندم با استفاده از الگوی درجه دوم تعمیم‌یافته برآورد شد و سپس تولید نهایی هریک از نهاده‌ها و از جمله نهاده آب محاسبه گردید. در ادامه، با برآورد تابع هزینه استخراج، تابع رفاه ناشی از کاهش سطح آب محاسبه شد. در نهایت، با استفاده از قضیه پوش و مشتق‌گیری از تابع رفاه نسبت به سطح آب زیرزمینی، تغییرات رفاهی ناشی از افت سطح آب اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج مطالعه حاضر نشان داد که به ازای یک متر کاهش سطح آب زیرزمینی در اثر برداشت‌های بی‌رویه، رفاه کشاورزان حدود 5/12 میلیون تومان کاهش می‌یابد و کل کاهش رفاه دشت ارزوئیه ناشی از کسری مخزن، رقم قابل توجه 9/12 میلیارد تومان است. همچنین رقم کاهش رفاه به ازای هر مترمکعب آب برابر با 97/20 تومان می‌باشد. با توجه به نتایج، دلیل کاهش رفاه کشاورزان، مصرف بیش از حد منابع آب زیرزمینی است بنابراین باید با سیاست‌هایی نظیر خاموشی اجباری موتورپمپ‌ها، کاهش سطح زیرکشت، تعیین الگوی کشت، فرهنگ‌سازی مصرف و افزایش مشارکت کشاورزان در مدیریت منابع زیرزمینی، از برداشت بیش از حد منابع آب زیرزمینی جلوگیری نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Social Welfare Decrease Due to the Drop in Groundwater Level (Case Study of Wheat Farmers in Orzuiyeh Plain)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mostafa Baniasadi 1
  • M.R. Zare Mehrjordi 2
  • Hossein Mehrabi Boshrabadi 3
  • H.R. Mirzaei 4
  • A. Rezaei Estakhrooye 5
1 Assistant Professor of Agricultural Economics, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
2 Associate Professor of Agricultural Economics, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
4 Assistant Professor of Agricultural Economics, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
5 Assistant Professor of Water Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
چکیده [English]

Excessive withdrawal of groundwater resources in recent decades has led to many negative externalities that one of its consequences is decreased welfare of farmers. In the present study, to survey the effect of the declined groundwater level on the welfare of farmers, first, wheat production function was estimated using generalized quadratic function and then marginal production of each input, including water input, was calculated. Then, the welfare function caused by reduced water level was calculated by estimating extraction cost function. Finally, using the envelop theorem and differentiation of welfare function with respect to groundwater levels, welfare changes due to water level decline was measured. The results showed that for every one meter groundwater level decline due to excessive withdrawals, welfare of farmers reduces 124546820 Rials and the total decreased welfare caused by the Orzuiyeh plain reservoir deficit is 129 billion Rials which is considerable. In addition, reduction of welfare per cubic meter of water is equal to 209.7 Rials. According to the results, reduced welfare of farmers is due to excessive consumption of groundwater resources which must be prevented by taking policies such as forced shutdown of motor pumps, reducing the acreage, determination of cropping pattern, culture of consumption, and increasing the farmer participation in the management of natural resources.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Externalities
  • Farmer Welfare
  • Production Function
  • Groundwater

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