کارایی فنی تولید پنبه در ایران با استفاده از انواع الگوهای ویژه داده‌های پانلی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته ‌دکتری اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز

2 استاد اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز

3 دانشیار اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه‌تبریز

چکیده

ارتقای کارایی محصولات کشاورزی عاملی بسیار مهم و تأثیرگذار در افزایش عملکرد آنها بدون نیاز به هزینه اضافی است. از اینرو، هدف مطالعه حاضر ارزیابی کارایی فنی استان‏های هدف در تولید پنبه براساس طیف گسترده­ای از الگوهای ویژه داده­های پانلی پارامتریک برای دوره زمانی 91-1379 است. مطابق یافته­های حاصل از تمامی الگوها، کشش‏های جزئی مربوط به نهاده­های سم، نیروی­کار و کود شیمیایی معنی­دار و دارای علامت مثبت مورد انتظار است. نتایج نشان داد که به کارگیری نهاده­ها در ناحیه اقتصادی تولید صورت می­گیرد. براساس این الگو­ها، استان­های خراسان، اردبیل و آذربایجان­شرقی از لحاظ کارایی فنی، رتبه­های اول تا سوم را به خود اختصاص داده­اند و جزء کاراترین استان­ها در تولید پنبه کشورند. مطالعه توزیع کارایی فنی در طول دوره مطالعه نشان داد که کارایی فنی استان­ها در سال­های انتهایی کاهش یافته است. وجود اختلاف بین حداقل و حداکثر کارایی استان­ها منعکس کننده این واقعیت است که تخصیص بهینه نهاده­ها و مدیریت مناسب عوامل تولید به میزان زیادی امکان­پذیر است. همچنین با وجود همه مشکلات و کاستی­های موجود، الگو قرار دادن استان­های کارا برای افزایش تولید پیشنهاد می­شود. از طرف دیگر،با توجه به این امر که استان اردبیل با دارا بودن آب و هوای مناسب، خاک حاصلخیز و رطوبت مطلوب از بهترین شرایط برای کشت و عمل‌آوری بهره­منداست، بنابراین توصیه می­شود این استان نیز در اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﻮاﻫﺐ ﻃﺒﻴﻌـی و اﻋﻄـﺎیی ازﺳﻮی دوﻟﺖ، ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان یکی از ﺷﺎﺧصﻫﺎی ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ اﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎت و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺎدی و ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺎدی، ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ قرارگیرد. ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻛﺎرایی ﻓنی نشان داد ﻛﻪ با افزایش استفاده از ماشین‌آلات در تولید پنبه،ﻛـﺎرایی فنی استان­ها نیز افزایش ﭘﻴﺪا خواهد کرد، بنابراین استفاده بیشتر از ماشین­آلات و تکنولوژی­های جدید جهت ارتقای تولید پیشنهاد می­گردد. در نهایت براساس نتایج ، توصیه می­شود در مطالعات آتی برای محاسبه کارایی فنی از الگوی دوازدهم، که نسخه‌ای تعمیم­یافته از سایر الگوهاست، استفاده شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Technical Efficiency of Cotton Production in Iran Using Panel Data Models

نویسندگان [English]

  • M. Rashidghalam 1
  • Gh. Dashti 2
  • E. Pishbahar 3
1 PhD Graduate in Agricultural Economics, University of Tabriz, Iran
2 Professor of Agricultural Economics, University of Tabriz, Iran
3 Associate Professor of Agricultural Economics, University of Tabriz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Increasing the efficiency of agricultural products is an important factor affecting the high performance without additional cost. According to the limitations of the agricultural sector to increase production through the development of production factors, it seems the best way to achieve appreciate growth in agricultural production is to improve and increase the efficiency of agricultural crop producing provinces. In this regard, this paper applied a stochastic frontier analysis to measure technical efficiency of Iran’s cotton production using panel data for the period of 2000-2012. For all the models, the estimated output elasticity of inputs as pesticide, chemical fertilizer and labor was positive and significant. Results indicated that production process was applied in the economic zone. According to most of the models, Khorasan, Ardebil and East Azerbaijan were the most efficient provinces, standing on the first to third ranks, respectively. Time distribution of technical efficiency indicated that the technical efficiency of provinces had decreased during the study period. Differences between minimum and maximum efficiency rates of provinces reflected the fact that it was possible to reallocate proper input usage and management. On the other hand, due to suitable climate, fertile soil and favorable moisture conditions of Ardebil province for cotton production, this province has to be considered as one of the material and immaterial resources distribution indices by government. In addition, the results showed that machinery led to a significant increase in technical efficiency in cotton production; therefore, the usage of new technology and machinery was recommended in cotton production. Finally, it was recommended for further studies to use model twelve in efficiency measurement; furthermore, investigation of sources of technical inefficiency revealed that inorganic fertilizer resulted in reduction in the technical efficiency.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cotton
  • Panel Data
  • Persistent and Residual Technical Inefficiency
  • Stochastic Frontier Function
  • Trans log Production Function

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