بررسی اثر سه معاهدة بین‌المللی بر آلودگی محیط زیست: کاربرد روش جورسازی بر اساس نمرة گرایش

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران.

3 استاد گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

چکیده

در دهه‌های اخیر، تأثیر هشدار‌های جهانی در زمینة تغییرات آب‏ و هوایی و تخریب لایه اُزُن بر اقتصاد جهانی در کانون توجه بسیاری از محققان بوده است؛ و در پاسخ بدین مشکلات، سازمان‌های جهانی بسیاری به اقداماتی در سطح بین‌الملل پرداخته‌اند که از آن میان، می‌توان به انعقاد معاهده‌های مونترال، کیوتو و پاریس اشاره کرد. هدف مطالعه حاضر بررسی ارتباط بین انتشار برخی از آلاینده‌ها به‌عنوان شاخصی از آلودگی محیط زیست و متغیر‌های کلان اقتصادی مانند مصرف انرژی و تجارت خارجی و همچنین، بررسی اثرات تعهد کشور‌های عضو این معاهده ­ها بر میزان انتشار آلاینده‌ها بود. بدین منظور، از رهیافت جورسازی بر اساس نمره گرایش و رگرسیون تفاضل در تفاضل استفاده ‌شد. نتایج حاصل از رهیافت جورسازی بیانگر کاهش انتشار آلاینده دی‌اکسید کربن به میزان 3/2 درصد و کل گاز‌های گلخانه‌ای به میزان 8/1 درصد برای معاهده کیوتو بود و برای معاهده مونترال نیز نتایج حاصل از رهیافت جورسازی از کاهش 21 درصدی آلاینده هیدروفلوئروکربن­ها حکایت داشت. بنابراین، می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که انعقاد این معاهده‌ها در سطح بین‌المللی موفقیت‌آمیز بوده و باعث جلوگیری از آلودگی بیش‌ازحد محیط زیست شده است. از این‌رو، پیشنهاد می‌شود که در راستای حفظ محیط زیست، در سطح جهانی، سازمان ­هایی ناظر اجرای قوانین معاهده ­های زیست­ محیطی به‏ وجود آید و در همه کشور­ها فعال شود تا در آینده، شاهد کاهش هرچه بیشتر آلاینده ­ها باشیم.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the effect of three international treaties on environmental pollution: Application of Propensity Score Matching

نویسندگان [English]

  • E. Pishbahar 1
  • F. Mirzakhani 2
  • B. Hayati 3
1 Associate Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran
2 MSc. Graduate in Agricultural Economics, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran
3 Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran
چکیده [English]

The impact of global climate change warnings and ozone depletion on the global economy has attracted many researchers in recent decades, and many international organizations have taken action in response to these problems, including co-engagement Montreal, Kyoto, and Paris treaties. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the emission of some pollutants as an indicator of environmental pollution and macroeconomic variables such as energy consumption and foreign trade, and the effects of the obligations of member states in these treaties on the emissions of these pollutants. To this end, the matching approach has been used based on the desirability and regression of the difference-in-difference. The results of the alignment approach indicate a reduction in the emissions of carbon dioxide and total greenhouse gases for the Kyoto Protocol, and for the Montreal Treaty, the results of the alignment approach have contributed to the reduction of pollutants of hydro-fluorocarbons.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Environmental pollution
  • Foreign Trade
  • International treaties
  • Propensity Score Matching
  • Difference in Difference Regression

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