تحلیل ساختار بازار صادراتی عسل طبیعی ایران و اولویت‌بندی کشورهای هدف بر اساس شاخص‌های جذابیت بازار

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

2 نویسندة مسئول و استادیار گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکدة اقتصاد و توسعة کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران (hamedrafiee@ut.ac.ir).

3 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

در ایران، با توجه به نیاز کم زنبورداری به سرمایه و همچنین، وجود مراتع طبیعی فراوان با گونه‌های گیاهی شهدزا و گرده‌زا، این فعالیت بسیار اهمیت دارد. از دیرباز، عسل به‏ عنوان یکی از پرمصرف‌ترین فرآورده‌های غذایی شناخته شده است که به ‏خاطر خواص دارویی بی‌نظیر آن، گسترده‌ترین داروی طب سنتی در کشور به ‏شمار می‌آید. از این  ‏رو، هدف تحقیق حاضر بررسی عملکرد صادراتی عسل ایران و اولویت‌بندی بازارهای هدف آن بود. بدین منظور، ابتدا محاسبة مزیت نسبی صادرات عسل با استفاده از شاخص‌های مزیت نسبی آشکارشده و مزیت نسبی آشکارشدة متقارن طی سال‌های 97-1380 صورت گرفت و با استفاده از شاخص هرفیندال- هیرشمن، ساختار بازار صادراتی عسل ایران مشخص شد؛ سپس، برای اولویت‌بندی بازار‌های بالفعل صادراتی عسل، از روش تاکسونومی عددی استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که مزیت نسبی عسل در سال‌های مورد مطالعه با نوسان همراه بوده و مخاطره (ریسک) رقابتی برای صادرکنندگان عسل ایران نسبت به رقبا بالاتر بوده است؛ همچنین، طی دورة مورد مطالعه، تا سال 1387، بازار صادراتی عسل جهان دارای ساختار انحصار چندجانبه بوده و از سال 1388 تا 1397، ساختار انحصار چندجانبه باز داشته و ساختار بازار صادراتی عسل ایران و نیز ساختار بازار وارداتی عسل جهان در طول این دوره از نوع انحصار چندجانبه بوده است. با توجه به شاخص‌های مورد بررسی، نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که بازارهای عربستان، عراق، امارات و مالزی بهترین بازار‌ها برای عسل ایران به‏ شمار می‌روند. بنابراین، با توجه به کشورهای هدف معرفی ‏شده بر اساس نتایج اولویت ‏بندی، شایسته است که ضمن توجه به بخش خصوصی و حمایت از حضور فعال آن در این کشورها، بازار صادراتی از تمرکز بر چند بازار محدود و سنتی خارج شده، انحصار در خرید بازارهای هدف به‏ سوی تنوع‏ بخشی در این بازارها سوق داده شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Analysis of Iran's Natural Honey Export Market Structure and Prioritization of Target Countries Based on Market Attractiveness Indicators

نویسندگان [English]

  • Atabak Kazempour Kahriz 1
  • Hame Rafiee 2
  • seyede tahereh ghaem maghami 3
  • hossein noroozi 1
  • Ahmad Ghasemi 1
1 PhD Student in Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Economics and Development, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
2 Corresponding Author and Assistant Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agricultural Economics and Development, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran (hamedrafiee@ut.ac.ir).
3 MSc. Student in Agricultural Economics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

In Iran, due to the low capital requirement of beekeeping as well as the presence of many natural pastures with nectar-producing and pollinating plant species, this activity is very important. For a long time, honey has been known as one of the most widely consumed food products, which is considered as the most widespread traditional medicine in the country due to its unique medicinal properties. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating the export performance of Iranian honey and prioritizing its target markets. For this purpose, the comparative advantage of honey export was first calculated using the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA) indices during 2001-2018 and the structure of Iran's honey export market was determined using the Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI). Then, numerical taxonomy method was used to prioritize actual honey export markets. The results showed that the comparative advantage of honey fluctuated in the studied years and the competitive risk for Iranian honey exporters was higher than competitors as well as during the studied period, until 2008, the export market of world honey had a multilateral monopoly structure and from 2009 to 2018, it had an open multilateral monopoly structure, and the structure of Iran's honey export market and also the structure of the world honey import market were of a multilateral monopoly during this period. According to the studied indicators, the study results showed that the markets of Saudi Arabia, Iraq, UAE and Malaysia were considered as the best markets for Iranian honey. Therefore, according to the target countries introduced based on the results of the prioritization in this study, it is appropriate that while paying attention to the private sector and supporting its active presence in these countries, the export market should be moved away from focusing on a few limited and traditional markets and also monopolizing in the purchase of target markets while being directed towards diversification in these markets.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Multilateral Monopoly
  • Export
  • Advantage
  • Concentration Ratio
  • Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI)

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