عوامل پیش برنده و بازدارنده ایجاد و توسعه صنایع تبدیلی کشاورزی در استان خوزستان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 نویسندة مسئول و استادیار پژوهشی، بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خوزستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران (m.ravaghi@areeo.ac.ir).

2 پژوهشگر بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خوزستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران.

3 پژوهشگر بخش علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی آذربایجان شرقی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تبریز، ایران.

چکیده

صنایع تبدیلی کشاورزی نقش مهمی در رشد و توسعه پایدار دارد. چنین صنایعی، ضمن تولید محصولات ارزشمند با حداقل ضایعات، زمینه ­ساز اشتغال و درآمد بیشتر است. گستره فعالیت این بخش شامل تمام فرآیندها از مزرعه گرفته تا سفرة خانوار است. استان خوزستان جایگاهی ویژه در کشاورزی ایران دارد. با این همه، توسعه صنایع تبدیلی و تکمیلی کشاورزی در این استان در سطح انتظار نیست. پژوهش حاضر، از نظر ماهیت، کاربردی و از نظر روش، از نوع تحقیقات توصیفی- تحلیلی بود که با هدف ارائه راهکارهای توسعه صنایع تبدیلی و تکمیلی در استان خوزستان اجرا شد. بدین منظور، پس از بررسی شرایط استان خوزستان، مشکلات و مسائل مربوط در قالب مصاحبه‌های حضوری و تلفنی و نیز با تکمیل پرسشنامه‌ توسط مسئولان و کارشناسان ادارات دولتی (مانند غذا و دارو، جهاد کشاورزی، اداره صنعت و معدن، تجارت، شرکت شهرک‌های صنعتی خوزستان)، فعالان و مدیران کارخانه‌ها و کارگاه‌های صنایع تبدیلی  و تکمیلی در نقاط مختلف این استان (در مجموع، شامل 107 نفر) بررسی شد. پس از بررسی پرسشنامه‌ها و مصاحبه‌ها، تشکیل ماتریس داخلی (نقاط قوت و ضعف) و ماتریس خارجی (فرصت‏ها و تهدیدها) صورت گرفت. بدین ترتیب، توسعه فناوری و نوآوری با استفاده از توان علمی متخصصان با امتیاز موزون 170/0 به‏ عنوان مهم­ترین عامل پیشبرنده و نابرابری در بهره‌مندی از تسهیلات و مقررات موجود و وجود برخوردهای سلیقه‌ای با امتیاز موزون 034/0 به ‏عنوان مهم­ترین عامل بازدارنده در ماتریس سوات (SWOT) شناسایی شدند. مجموع امتیازات موزون در ماتریس عوامل داخلی (435/2) و عوامل خارجی (325/2) نشان‏ دهندة وضعیت نامناسب و کمتر از حد میانه این صنایع (برای هر کدام، 5/2) بود. در مرحله بعد، راهبرد­های پیشنهادی به روش ماتریس برنامه ­ریزی راهبردی کمّی بررسی و اولویت­ بندی شد که بر اساس آن، سه راهبرد «آمایش صنایع تبدیلی استان» (امتیاز 75/6)، «تلاش دولت در وضع قوانین و سیاست­گذاری حمایتی» (امتیاز 34/6) و «پرداخت اعتبارات و وام­های کم‏ بهره» (امتیاز 98/5) در اولویت قرار گرفتند. از این ‏رو، با وجود اهمیت مسئله آمایش به‏ ویژه در برنامه توسعه صنایع تبدیلی استان خوزستان، پیگیری سایر راهبرد­ها نیز اهمیت دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Driving Forces and Hampering Factors Affecting Establishment and Development of Agro-Processing Industries in Khuzestan Province of Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Maryam Ravaghi 1
  • Leila Behbahani 2
  • vahid yaghobi 3
1 Corresponding Author and Assistant Professor, Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Ahvaz, Iran (m.ravaghi@areeo.ac.ir).
2 Researcher of Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Ahvaz, Iran.
3 Researcher of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences Research Department, East Azerbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tabriz, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Agro-processing industries play an important role in contributing to sustained growth and development. The agro-industries provide value added products with less wastes along with generating more employment opportunities and net income. The scope of the agro-processing industry involves all processes from farm to fork. Khuzestan province of Iran has a special place in agriculture of the country, due to its climate, productive areas and large and permanent rivers flow; however, the development of agro-processing industries in this province is not at the expected level. This study was an applied research in terms of nature and a descriptive analytic one in terms of methodology and it aimed at providing solutions for development of food processing industries in Khuzestan province. For this purpose, situations and problems were identified using phone and face to face interviews through the questionnaires completed by Khuzestan government employees (food and drug administration, agriculture-Jahad organization, department of industry and trade and mines, industrial estate company) as well as industrial experts and top executives of food processing plants (totally, 107 people). After checking interviews texts and questionnaires, internal matrix (strengths and weaknesses) and external matrix (opportunities and threats) were verified. Finally, suggested strategies using Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) were prioritized. As shown by the study results, the development of technology and innovation using the scientific power of experts with balanced score of 0.170 and inequality in benefiting from existing facilities and regulations and the existence of personal preferences with balanced score of 0.034 were identified as the most important driving factor and hampering factor, respectively. As final scores of 2.435 for internal factors and 2.325 for external ones were less than median (2.5 for either factors), food industries in Khuzestan were not in good situations. Suggested strategies according to QSPM were ranked and three strategies of "land use planning challenge for food industries" (6.75), "the government's efforts in supporting laws and policies" (6.34) and "payment of credits and low interest loans" (5.98) were ranked higher in scores. It might be concluded that the food industries in Khuzestan province were not in good situation and the producers face many challenges. Therefore, though the land use planning challenge for the food industries is an important issue, other strategies should also be followed.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Khuzestan (Province)
  • Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM)
  • SWOT
  • Food Industries

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